Pa Hillbilly Farming

Have you ever tried a deer survey? There is some math behind it. It can give you an estimate of the number of deer in a given area. Could help with the decision of how many to shoot.
3 years ago we hired out a deer survey for both properties(800acers) 100 doe and 65 bucks. we have more deer now along with alot more food. since we can not do feeding anytime of the year since CWD zone, the camera study would be a little harder. I also have realized since we got the cuddelink cell cameras it isnt as easy to manage the photos as they are emailed to you. I have to save each to own file folder then upload to deer lab. I dont think we had a over browesing problem but if we have a bad winter Im not sure that will not be a problem now. I am thinking of increasing doe kill to 10-12 maybe a little more. I never had my brassica eaten down like I have seen this year. We laugh and say we have conditioned our deer to be depended on the government tit. We have lazy deer that just lay around and eat N sleep all day. I bet the they voted for Hillary..LOL
 
Do you think you can get a good count on your fawns? Besides doe sighting to base our doe harvest on, I use the fawn count. I figure if we can distinguish the fawns from each other by studying their pictures or their Mom's picture, we can half that amount and sustain the herd. 6 fawns = 3 buck/3 doe fawns so harvest 3 does and the herd is self-sustaining. Take more than 3 and you are reducing the herd. I know is only one data point, but it's something.
 
Do you think you can get a good count on your fawns? Besides doe sighting to base our doe harvest on, I use the fawn count. I figure if we can distinguish the fawns from each other by studying their pictures or their Mom's picture, we can half that amount and sustain the herd. 6 fawns = 3 buck/3 doe fawns so harvest 3 does and the herd is self-sustaining. Take more than 3 and you are reducing the herd. I know is only one data point, but it's something.
That is a very good idea. the equation makes logic. with the amount of cameras were running we should be able to get a very close account of the fawns. Thank you FL Plotter
 
Do you think you can get a good count on your fawns? Besides doe sighting to base our doe harvest on, I use the fawn count. I figure if we can distinguish the fawns from each other by studying their pictures or their Mom's picture, we can half that amount and sustain the herd. 6 fawns = 3 buck/3 doe fawns so harvest 3 does and the herd is self-sustaining. Take more than 3 and you are reducing the herd. I know is only one data point, but it's something.
That is a Great Idea! Thanks for sharing that.

Double L, Your place looks great. My Brother lives in Jefferson County which is 2A or 2B I think, 3-points to a side. They really don't do much in the way of Management there. He has tried the food plots and all the neighbors (think cousins here) set up around it and shoot all the deer. Where he lives is old family farm and you can't get any of them to agree on nothing. Been that way since I was a kid, they'd all be friends until Deer Season came along and suddenly everyone was all hush-hush and don't try to cut me off BS.

If the would just work together they'd have an awesome place for all. Sad really.
 
Oh and the Amish have started taking over up there. Buying up all the old farms and such. Sounds like a war opening day and you know they are not all bucks being shot.
 
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question fellow deer farmers. I’m trying to decide on are doe management this year. Last year we took 7 doe on my 350 and neighbor took the same on his 400. We got 30 plus acres of food plots out and you can easily see they are eating them. The browse pressure doesn’t seem bad yet. I took these pictures today of random spots in the woods and two pictures of my clover. It’s defiantly higher in side the fence. It’s 5 plus acres of clover last night I counted 22 deer in clover and 8 in my salty knob plot. Is it just a gut feeling on how many to take per year or is there some logic to it? Thanks for any advice.


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How many doe to take? I'll play along. But, understand that when I'm finished some of the numbers you've used in describing your situation will probably be at odds with mine. What I present is a "model" to help the thinking process. You can decide if my description, suggestions and recommendations have value, if you need to adjust yours up or down.
1. It's a fact that half the deer population in large area needs to die each year to have a stable population. To decrease, up the harvest. To build population, decrease your harvest.

2. I'm going to assume we are talking about an area of a minimum of one square mile -- 640 acres.

3. To illustrate let's assume you own that one square mile and know with absolute certainty that at the end of the whitetail season the population consists of 28 does and and 12 bucks. Never mind the age structure. That makes the does : buck ratio about 2 to 1.
First question? What do you think it should be? Some say 1:1 but I've always had trouble with that. Second question. What do you think your population per square mile was at the end of the latest deer season? Estimating the number is a problem because deer wonder around. So, if at periodic intervals we were able to drop a fence around one square mile of you land, how many deer would we capture? Repeat multiple times and do an average. Some days it might be 10. Other days it might be 60.

Ok so far?
 
Ok. you made put on my thinking cap. I dont think we are talking about the same thing. We know we have well into the 100 plus deer for 800 acres. we also have alot of food between plots and browes. Im trying to get a handle on what to monitor to tell if w have enough food for the deer or too many deer, 2 years ago we had hired a deer survey to be done and it was about a 2:1 ratio and that is when we stopped rapping and pillaging the forest and since then the deer population has grown but we have allso increased our food to feed the deer. Im trying to get a handle on the eating pressure of the deer. Sorry about the ramblings and not clear question. Im doing this about like everything else. Hair on fire running wide open ahead....
 
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You have brought up an excellent point Double L that knowing the number of deer does not answer the question as to how many does need to be taken to sustain a healthy population that provides maximum harvest possibilities. Me using the term "Maximum sustained harvest possibilities" brings up the first question--is that your goal? If it is then managing the population for maximum sustained harvest is as simple as keeping the population down so that 50% of natural browse is left after the winter period (also called at 50% saturation level by some) with some buts, ifs and exceptions of course. It is well documented that keeping a property at the 50% of natural browse left can result in growing the most healthy deer as well as harvesting the most deer sustain-ably. Of course that coupled with great plots makes for outlandish deer number possibilities.

If your goal is to draw, hold and shoot the most amount of older bucks then the keeping the population at 50% of full saturation may conflict with that goal due to scaring bucks off during the season due to doe shooting and retrieval, or not having the most amount of does available on your property in the early and late part of the rut to of course make your place "where all the girls are".

Here there have been years that we have taken zero does and there have been many years where we have taken 25 and more for a few seasons in a row and many, many years when we took ten or more. When a property becomes close to or fully saturated it takes a lot of doe removal to get it back in balance.

I'd be happy to discuss it further if you want but writing about a subject this large is just too time consuming.
 
Ok. you made put on my thinking cap. I dont think we are talking about the same thing. We know we have well into the 100 plus deer for 800 acres. we also have alot of food between plots and browes. Im trying to get a handle on what to monitor to tell if w have enough food for the deer or too many deer, 2 years ago we had hired a deer survey to be done and it was about a 1:1 ratio and that is when we stopped rapping and pillaging the forest and since then the deer population has grown but we have allso increased our food to feed the deer. Im trying to get a handle on the eating pressure of the deer. Sorry about the ramblings and not clear question. Im doing this about like everything else. Hair on fire running wide open ahead....

Maybe we are talking about different things, but probably not. I have a lot of thoughts running thru my head, and, like Charinsaw said, there's a lot to addressing your questions, some of which are probably still forming in your mind.

I think you like the challenge so, I'm going to go straight at it. You may not like it, but let's keep an open mind and a sense of humor!
I know you paid for a survey. I guess that has more value than a free survey. You use a couple different numbers throughout your narrative. And I only point it out because, since you got your thinking this far, I'm of the opinion you're going to have to settle on something, execute, and evaluate.

I apologize. I didn't read all nine pages of your property report. You land is in Somerset County, PA? Looks like you've done a fantastic job of interspersing food plots in all that forest land. Am I right about forest? Nearly 70% of Somerset County is forested.
I'll keep going. Maybe I'm wrong. Been there before. Back to county land use -- About 16% is hay and pasture and 6% is in row crops. Would you're 800 acres look like that?

What I'm trying to get to here is an estimate of the quantity and quality of your deer habitat. To support 165 whitetails on 800 acres is going to take a lot of both. And I think we better stop and consider the reasonableness of that number - the 165. As you say, the ratio is about 1:1 (closer to 2:1 is you divide 100 by 65). Again, this is not to discredit your narrative, but if we don't start with the right number real or imagined it could lead to some big management mistakes.

If you have that many does and you don't reduced the population - well, have you heard of a "doe factory" and it's implications for "good" hunting? And if the numbers you provide are too big and you start killing does based on that number you are heading away from where you want to be. But, that's not your question.

One more thing and than you can respond if you wish.

I think we can find ample research indicating a whitetail deer consumes dry matter in the amount of 3% to 5% of its body weight daily. Let's assume (and you can change it as you wish), on average, each deer weights 100 lbs. Further, let's assume the top percent intake - 5%. Skipping a couple steps, your population needs to find just over 800 lbs of dry matter every day. Some days there might not be 800 lbs of dry matter on the place. Other days there might be plenty for a couple thousand deer. The biggest problem is how much browse (tons of dry matter) your forests supply. I think we can make a reasonable estimate .... or you can.... based on the maturity of the trees. Looking at you pictures there seems to be a mix of tree maturities.

And we are both trying to get to the eating pressure of the deer. I have far too little information about your habitat, and far too much healthy skepticism about the number of deer you are feeding. Maybe 165 is the number on a given day, but day after day, on average over a year?

Thoughts?
 
Thank you both for the great input. By no means will I take offense to opinions and ideas offered to me. This is what we are all here for. My goal with my deer management is to have a healthy herd and to mantiane 5-6 year old bucks to harvest. We get a few of those now mainly because we have allot of does when rutt kicks in. My property was all woods when I bought it with young timber due to the harvesting of the woods the last 50 years. I border 7000 acres of state game land where you can hardly buy a deer because there is no cover, wide open timber. to the north west of me about 2 miles I have farm fields of hay and corn 600 acres guessing. between hinge cutting and the edging of the new food plots were making that has helped with the thicker under brush growth. A little more back ground of the area. I live about 6 air miles,9 driving miles to my cabin and on a good day you can count 100 deer on trip home in the evenings. When buddies come to visit they can not belive all the game they see just driving to my place, a 30 min side X side ride at my place and one can see roughly 50 deer in or near food plots most any day. We have 32 cuddelink cell cameras along with 4 other brand cell cameras and 15 reg deer cameras running all the time. We call the cell cameras "Hillbilly Tv" We have cameras at all food plots and travel corridors along with places we cant hunt due to wind/acces/sancturys. We can tell roughly by the time stamps and where deer are at, at any giving time that lets us have a ball park idea of the numerous familly pods of deer we have living here. 150 deer i would feel safe in saying live here as resident deer. it probably goes up and down 30 deer as another guess. Im like everyone else i want my cake and eat it too. I like seeing lots of deer and I want to see big bucks. Trying to learn the happy median is what Im up against, and if no -one has noticed I dont have patients to wait LOL. Back on the subject we dont get allot of hunting pressure on ours and surrounding property, but i do try and enjoy my property all year around, we havent been riding around for last 6 weeks other than to set cameras of move a stand. I wont bow hunt till i see activity on the cameras pick up. Im adding a good 5 acres of new plot as we speak right now and I can add another 10 but after that I will be done with anything close to be able to plant on my 341 acres. I bought a D6N which i should have by end of year to help those projects along. We have allways had good deer bedding areas but we have been trying make better areas for them by thickening it for them.I think I can get close to 30 acres of plots on my place which would be close to 10%. sorry for the bad grammer guys and the long babbling. My cell is 814-442-6771 if the typing is too much. Im allways up for B/S about deer...
 
Maybe we are talking about different things, but probably not. I have a lot of thoughts running thru my head, and, like Charinsaw said, there's a lot to addressing your questions, some of which are probably still forming in your mind.

I think you like the challenge so, I'm going to go straight at it. You may not like it, but let's keep an open mind and a sense of humor!
I know you paid for a survey. I guess that has more value than a free survey. You use a couple different numbers throughout your narrative. And I only point it out because, since you got your thinking this far, I'm of the opinion you're going to have to settle on something, execute, and evaluate.

I apologize. I didn't read all nine pages of your property report. You land is in Somerset County, PA? Looks like you've done a fantastic job of interspersing food plots in all that forest land. Am I right about forest? Nearly 70% of Somerset County is forested.
I'll keep going. Maybe I'm wrong. Been there before. Back to county land use -- About 16% is hay and pasture and 6% is in row crops. Would you're 800 acres look like that?

What I'm trying to get to here is an estimate of the quantity and quality of your deer habitat. To support 165 whitetails on 800 acres is going to take a lot of both. And I think we better stop and consider the reasonableness of that number - the 165. As you say, the ratio is about 1:1 (closer to 2:1 is you divide 100 by 65). Again, this is not to discredit your narrative, but if we don't start with the right number real or imagined it could lead to some big management mistakes.

If you have that many does and you don't reduced the population - well, have you heard of a "doe factory" and it's implications for "good" hunting? And if the numbers you provide are too big and you start killing does based on that number you are heading away from where you want to be. But, that's not your question.

One more thing and than you can respond if you wish.

I think we can find ample research indicating a whitetail deer consumes dry matter in the amount of 3% to 5% of its body weight daily. Let's assume (and you can change it as you wish), on average, each deer weights 100 lbs. Further, let's assume the top percent intake - 5%. Skipping a couple steps, your population needs to find just over 800 lbs of dry matter every day. Some days there might not be 800 lbs of dry matter on the place. Other days there might be plenty for a couple thousand deer. The biggest problem is how much browse (tons of dry matter) your forests supply. I think we can make a reasonable estimate .... or you can.... based on the maturity of the trees. Looking at you pictures there seems to be a mix of tree maturities.

And we are both trying to get to the eating pressure of the deer. I have far too little information about your habitat, and far too much healthy skepticism about the number of deer you are feeding. Maybe 165 is the number on a given day, but day after day, on average over a year?

Thoughts?

On the deer study. My buddy hired out the deer study to be done. Paid I believe $4500 for it. I thought that was crazy for it. He did it since he lived out of town and wanted to contribute to the cause I guess. We had 4 spots which I put corn out for 3 weeks. Got back a catalog book of age class of all bucks and doe and fawns from unique pictures supplied. I thought that was high when we got it back then. Since then is when we ramped up increasing our amount of food plots and now I see way more deer now then I did back then. Since we’re now in cwd we can’t put bait out for deer so makes it harder to get a good count from feeding area. Last night I ran to cabin to dig a drainage ditch for new garage building pad and to check on logger progress. From driveway I counted 18 deer at my pond too far to see if bucks. 11 we’re standing at the yard. 4 of them were bucks. Then when I took sxs to logging area which is near plot by my shooting bench I saw atleast 5 bucks and don’t know how many does as I was trying to see horns. That was just in 3 of the 14 plots we have. I apologize for the wrong ratio in earlier post. Between stubby thumbs on my iPhone and posting on here in-between doing other things at work I should proof read befor hitting send , but guys that probably won’t happen so bare with me. Lol.


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sunday after I got home from the drag races I hurried up and scrubbed off the mess on top of this area and just hand seeded area and ran my little cultipacker over it. This spring I had a bear get into my little shed and tore open bags of seed, so I planted a variety of food for them, it’s a little bit of everything. This bottom access I opened up into this plot I feel should be an awesome bow stand. It sits atop of a large bowl which I did some hinge cutting in February that the deer like to bed in. Hopefully with the warm weather something will still grow.


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I can envision somewhat the amount of deer you are seeing Double L as we had over a hundred deer living here for many years also but not much over a hundred on our 605 acres. Everyone said it wasn't possible and not sustainable. They were wrong on one aspect;those high numbers were possible as it was true. They were correct that it was not sustainable at least not forever sustainable at the then level of habitat knowledge available or rather understandable by me at the time. Will call you to discuss how it all unfolded over the last 30 plus years as I remember it and what we could have done differently. X-farmer Dan defines the major limitation succinctly and perfectly I believe in that maximum population sustainability does finally depend on the forest browse production per acre on your property with again the usual what ifs and exceptions applied.
 
Another question to post. We have 8 acres of corn and soybeans that is still behind the deer fence. would you let the fence up till January to help bank the food or take it down now? We have lots corn and beans not fenced in that can be hunted over if we want so what is fenced up now could be left till winter of is that so small of feed that it would matter in the picture of things?
 
8 acres of corn can be a huge amount of food. At 3 ton of corn/soybean kernels to the acre (a low amount here if talking just corn--not sure what the average soybean production is here off hand so I'll assume 3 tons total) that amounts to 24 tons or 48,000 lbs of kernels. Using 5 lbs a day as a guesstimate of what a deer might eat per day of dry grain in the winter that gives you 48,000 divided by 5 or 9,600 deer days. For two hundred deer that would last 9600 divided by 200 would equal 48 deer days of feed for 200 deer. In reality the deer would likely be eating browse as well so they might not be eating five lbs of corn/soybeans. It doesn't sound like so small a amount of feed. Of course check my math--even with a calculator I make mistakes sometimes. And the inevitable "it depends" are how much will the other than deer animals consume of the corn? Coon can easily be controlled by shining trees but squirrels could have an effect also as well as turkeys, song birds, bear and who knows what else may find it.

The fence can always be kept up until it looks like the food is needed or the turkeys and such are hammering it.
 
Chainsaw, I will be doing some long range doe management with my long range muzzleloader in 2 weeks. invitation is still open to come bye...
 
Chainsaw, I will be doing some long range doe management with my long range muzzleloader in 2 weeks. invitation is still open to come bye...
You are welcome and thanks Double L for the invitation, will get in touch over the next couple of days and see if our schedules match up.
 
It's been great to see all the dialogue unfold. It's been fascinating! I keep thinking about the situation...and that's never a good thing! (Smile, darn it). We started with a question about food and is there enough, or something like that. I don't know what the browse looks like, but it would seem there's enough - right now. Add in the food plot resources and there's no reason why there isn't enough nutrition for the estimated herd size. To take it a little deeper, the question might be, is there enough nutrition in all seasons? I know Pennsylvania rather well (Penn State '74, '83...We are). Correct me if I'm wrong, but while I'm sure there's plenty of snow in the winter in Somerset County, it isn't near as debilitating as a Potter County winter or in upstate New York where winter never ends.

The problem is herd dynamics. Get a half dozen dominate old does and they will be pushing the rest of the herd to find a new home. Accumulate enough old bucks and they will kill one another. I don't know how prevalent that is, but it happens. I will sign-off and wish all good luck. As I do I must ask, do you want a lot of deer now with the very strong possibility of a lot less deer later because of population and forest dynamics? Or do you want to get the numbers to a lower sustainable population now and enjoy a modest population well into the future?
 
I am always amazed with the information one can find on this forum from all the good people on here. My question of browse pressure has led me into so much more decisions and ideas with my management. I’ve decided I defiantly need to curb down the doe population more so for the sustainability of the future health and age class. After all, I would prefer to have healthy deer than just a trophy buck. Being good stewards of the land is what this is really all about. As all ways I want to extend open invitation for any one to stop by and see how crazy hillbilly’s try to do things on side of hills in the rocks. Lol. Thanks again guys.


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