Regenerative Plotting


Another great webinar from Dr. Christine Jones - below are my notes. I hope some find this useful! Enjoy!
•Nitrogen - highly mobile in soil10-40% is taken up by plants
•60-90% goes elsewhere
•Nitrogen rapidly transformed does not accumulate, like phosphorus – volatilizes
•78% of the atmosphere is N2
•70million lbs per acre in N2 available
•N2 is inert
•Legumes don’t fix nitrogen - they symbiotically work with bacteria to fix nitrogen.
•Nitrogen fixation occurred insides rhizosheaths and water-stable aggregates – need to have functioning soil to make nitrogen available.
•Observation analysis will be far more important to see soil building than sending soil to a lab – this seems to be very consistent with various other soil scientists as well.
•Synthetic fertilizers - inhibit rhizosheaths and water-stable aggregates.
•A little bit can be stimulatory. Over 50lb per acre is too much (urea for example).
•Clean white roots - no rhizosheaths happening no natural nitrogen fixation occur.
•Every green living plant has some possibility to access free-living nitrogen through microbial intermediaries, through the fungal network.
•Fungi are the conduits transport of organic nitrogen to plant roots, as amino acids. Once inside the plant, the plant can assemble the amino acids into proteins. This is important, some syntetics might get taken up by the plant but are not converted to proteins, therefore are consumed as nitrates.
•Huge metabolic cost to plant to convert synthetic nitrogen to usable protein. So it at times doesn’t convert, again leaving the amount a N in the plant vs. a protein, which is not helping the nutrient density of the plant for consumption.
•80-90% of plant nutrient acquisition is microbially mediated.
•Dissimilar microbiomes - growing together- function symbiotically vs. competitively.
•High analysis fertilizers are just substituting for plant diversity.
•800lbs of urea per acre - cannot produce the same biomass as 4+ groups of complimentary plants working together.
•Wean off N if needed - 20%,30%,50% - use an organic form of N fertilizer vs. urea, as an example.
•Can use 5lb per acre of synthetic N - without detrimental impacts.Not sure why this occurs but it does act as a jump start or stimulant for the microbiomes.
•Use plant leaf tests and apply as foliar - only if they needed.
•Funny protein - is if a plant has N in the plant but the protein was never converted, yet the lab tests can be inconsistent. Labs test for N in the plant and then multiply it by a fixed number variable. This test is inconsistent as it assumes all N is converted to a protein. However, this is not the case as many synthetics are never converted and stay as N.
•4 functional groups without a legume will fix as much N - as with a legume. Too many legumes can be detrimental, like synthetics.
•More than half the N in manure is inorganic
•Avoid inorganic N all together
•If you put nitrogen fertilizer on a legume - the bacteria that fix nitrogen will stop.
•Synthetics make plants look good but they are weak below. Not nutrient-dense.
•4 plant functional groups - incredibly healthy microbiome.
 

This was truly an amazing webinar series by Green Cover Seed and Ph.D. Christine Jones. This was the final one of four and my notes, for those who don't want to listen to the 2-hour webinar are below.

I hope you enjoy it! Build better soils!

.• Enzymes solubilize p and fix atmospheric nitrogen - these enzymes are produced from bacteria.
• Grapevines are highly mycorrhizal
• Prairies -500/700 flowers naturally. Paintings in the 1800s showed many flowers all over-Ground cover all over.
• Soil is bare equals negative impact on the tree.
• Plant root exudates are starting point to soil carbon.
• Plant diversity increases root exudation
• Microbial community is a key factor in determining if our soil carbon accumulated there due to root exudates. Will it be stored or respired by CO2. Fungal dominated - more carbon sequestration. Bacteria dominated more respiration.
• The key to fungal-dominated communities is diversity.
• More diversity, more fungi, more aggregates.
• Plant diversity also increases resistance to pests and diseases
• There are more microbial cells within plants than plant cells
• Core microbiome - in the seed of the plant
• Endophytes -Free-living microbes can move from the soil into plants - where they may remain for the duration of the plant's life.
• Plant diversity stimulates biological induction- N fixing, P fixing, and biological induction. Plant taking up microbes to protect themselves from pests.
• Plant diversity can replace fertilizer - do leaf tests or tissue tests. Foliar more effective and cheaper
• Restore topsoil
• Insecticides become obsolete
• Fungicide redundant
• Displaces weed
• Improves landscape function - water cycle
• Conventional tests are very misleading - plant tissues are more helpful. Calcium often shows low but it’s just not bioavailable. Similar to P. Soil tests in the past were used as fertilizer recommendation - soil nutrients as available - leads to more fert than needed. Vs. taking soil tests to simply measure the total amount in soil - as a baseline measurement.
• Bare soil will lose moisture
• Cover crops - create a short water cycle. Transpiration but returns back as fog or dew, shortly thereafter.
• Soil aggregates allow water to infiltrates, less evaporates.
 

Green Cover Seed - PhD. Christine Jones, Webinar - "Secrets of the Soil Microbiome"

This was a fascinating 1.5-hour webinar and I am going to try to provide my highlights from the webinar.

1. Mycorrhizae fungi continue to dominate most soil health discussions - the networks can be tremendously vast -as long as we are priming the biological pump through diversity and no-tilling. What they are finding is that mycorrhizal fungi networks are like the "internet" of the underground world. When you have a well-established fungal network and diversity in planting families - this equates to very beneficial plant health. Also higher nutrient densities for cervids or humans consuming the plants grown in that environment.

2. As this network is established - the roots can "mingle". This does not mean they are touching but more so near each other, and of diverse plant species. The fungal network can then pass microbes from one plant to the next. This allows the plants to be more pest resistant, drought resistant, increased stress tolerance, share nutrients, etc. All of this through expressed communications from the plant and then delivered via the communication stream of the fungal network.

3. An example of a well-functioning system - as described in part 2 - would be during a drought. A non-drought tolerant species can signal its need for help (high stress) during a drought period. The stressed plant can recruit microbes from a companion plant in the network that is better adept at surviving drought conditions. Through this communication, we can and will see increased survival and plant growth efficiencies. This used to be thought a genetic, but it is not a genetic trait - this is all microbial, through the symbiosis occurring in the plants and fungal networks.

4. Another amazing example of how powerful this network is, once established, is the ability to communicate with companion plants - even if they are non-mycorhizal. Brassicas for example (popular food plot crop), are non-mycorhizal. However, when grown in companionship with a diverse species mix, in a well-established fungal network, they can then join and communicate the network - helping to transfer nutrients (plus other advantages described above) and through the "fungal internet", as Ph.D. Christine defines it in laymen's terms.

5. The last bullet is about phosphorus - phosphorus is often bond up in the soil, particularly when soil PH gets below 6.0. One of the most efficient ways (outside of dumping synthetic phosphorus-based fertilizers) to make phosphorus bio-available is through diverse plants and liming to get your PH in an optimal range. Often folks think of Buckwheat as a crop that "mines" phosphorus, but if the buckwheat is then taken off the field - the phosphorus is also removed. If you have buckwheat planted with a diverse mix of other crops, say as a food plot or cover crop and a well-established fungal network, these nutrients can then be distributed to the plants that are signaling their need for that particular mineral/nutrient.

This is the goal of a symbiotic working system, plants sharing what they have an excess of, fungi working to make it soluble/available to the plants in the network, building OM/soil carbon load, and so goes the system.

The most interesting point to the entire webinar (for me) was when someone said "Dr. Christine Jones, you need to write a book", she chuckled and said "it would change every year, we just continue to learn more and we don't know it all" - here is one of the more well-known soil scientists in the world, claiming not to know it all......
 
I have been busy - I hope you all enjoy the summaries, as I know not everyone can take 8 hours to watch webinars on the soil microbiome.

I have enjoyed documenting some of my own findings and thought some might enjoy this video I did on the importance of cover crops on water infilitration.


Stay safe and well everyone!

AT
 
Dandelions usually mean clay and compaction. Is that the green cover summer soil builder?
It's what came back from the fall, plus a LIGHT overseed of the GSC cool season soil builder. That hasn't had enough time to really get growing, due to cold. Plan is to let it go another month before planting for summer. We should see some growth over the next few weeks. Appears deer have been hammering what's coke up. I expect the plot to be thin, due to the falls awful drought.
 
It's what came back from the fall, plus a LIGHT overseed of the GSC cool season soil builder. That hasn't had enough time to really get growing, due to cold. Plan is to let it go another month before planting for summer. We should see some growth over the next few weeks. Appears deer have been hammering what's coke up. I expect the plot to be thin, due to the falls awful drought.

How much N has been put down on this spot if any? I was reading an MSU study on dandelions and they seemed to note a correlation to N. Also, if it had been a monoculture of clover for many years, that is pumping a ton of N into the rhizosphere, without having a diversity of crops to balance the CtoN, when you drilled into this area, it most likely allowed the dandelions to take full advantage of N load your clover has been fixing. I listened to Jason Snavely discuss this on his podcast. How often times long term clover plots start off great and then fall off the bell curve, this is due to the amount of N being pumped into the system and it literally is stimulating the weed seeds to grow, as you don't have thatch or another crop to balance the CtoN, in the soil.

Back in the day, I recall that many times we would have a clover plot for 3-5 years, increasing herbicide sprays each year to compete with grasses, and then finally we would have to till it under and start fresh because we just couldn't compete with the grasses.

All that to say, if I was you, I wouldn't worry that much about dandilons. Keep planting the diverse mixes and no-tilling and I am sure in a few years, you will smoother that weed source.

PS - I believe that the study referenced Phosphorus in soils reducing the survivability of dandelions. Sounds like creating that great diverse mix that will symbiotically work with the mycorrhiza will eliminate this issue for you, all on it's own!

Just my take! Good luck!
 

The rhizophagy cycle is one of the most interesting concepts I have learned about, to date. From endophytes on seeds, to how they colonize plants to the idea of plants recruiting microbes, consuming some, and regurgitating others (for lack of a better term) back into the soil to recruit more nutrients - is fascinating! These processes have been shown to increase root hair growth, nutrient uptake in the plant, and increase plant disease resistance. Well worth the watch!
 
Why isn’t there an app where you can just take a pic of your field and it can tell you what it needs?
Most of my fields I can tell just by what’s growing and what isn’t (with a tiny bit of research). Seems to me a keen soil scientist could make a cool billion and put soil samples out of business just by applying a simple formula to what is there and what is conspicuously absent.

I want 10%.


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Why isn’t there an app where you can just take a pic of your field and it can tell you what it needs?
Most of my fields I can tell just by what’s growing and what isn’t (with a tiny bit of research). Seems to me a keen soil scientist could make a cool billion and put soil samples out of business just by applying a simple formula to what is there and what is conspicuously absent.

I want 10%.


Sent from my iPhone using Deer Hunter Forum

I don’t remember who posted this or if it was even here, but this book is pretty neat in the help it provides.

https://bookstore.acresusa.com/products/weeds-and-why-they-grow


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Why isn’t there an app where you can just take a pic of your field and it can tell you what it needs?
Most of my fields I can tell just by what’s growing and what isn’t (with a tiny bit of research). Seems to me a keen soil scientist could make a cool billion and put soil samples out of business just by applying a simple formula to what is there and what is conspicuously absent.

I want 10%.


Sent from my iPhone using Deer Hunter Forum

That is a great idea. I will add, most soil scientists already acknowledge the massive variability in conventional soil tests, and that is why Dr. Rick Haney's test is becoming far more often used (using biology to manage biological processes, vs. chemistry to determine what a biological process needs).

I participated in the Green Cover Seed Webinars and I asked Dr. Christine Jones if she saw merit in conventional soil tests anymore - her responses very much mimicked your proposal. She said there is a place for them to give us a general idea of what is going on but it is far more important to look at the soil, visually see what is going on, are aggregates forming, are rhizosheaths forming, etc. vs. solely looking at a conventional soil test and amending per that suggestion.

The most recent trend that I find fascinating is John Kempf's studies on nutrient absorption through tissue sap analysis. He is not just doing a refractometer reading but actually a full tissue analysis. What is crazy about this is the fact that he has over 1MM data points and they do not see a correlation between conventional soil amendment suggestions and plant nutrient uptake. Now, this does not suggest the plant won't grow with the addition of fertilizer, but the nutrient density load doesn't appear to change or possibly is reduced. John often references, the law of the maximum - which is something that is often overlooked in today's amendment schedules.

All in all, most soil scientists - specific to the REGEN AG space, are not interested in what to add per se but more so how/why the system works, and how can we prime the soil biology through diversification of plant species and increasing fungal life in the soil by limiting inputs of all kinds.
 
That is a great idea. I will add, most soil scientists already acknowledge the massive variability in conventional soil tests, and that is why Dr. Rick Haney's test is becoming far more often used (using biology to manage biological processes, vs. chemistry to determine what a biological process needs).

I participated in the Green Cover Seed Webinars and I asked Dr. Christine Jones if she saw merit in conventional soil tests anymore - her responses very much mimicked your proposal. She said there is a place for them to give us a general idea of what is going on but it is far more important to look at the soil, visually see what is going on, are aggregates forming, are rhizosheaths forming, etc. vs. solely looking at a conventional soil test and amending per that suggestion.

The most recent trend that I find fascinating is John Kempf's studies on nutrient absorption through tissue sap analysis. He is not just doing a refractometer reading but actually a full tissue analysis. What is crazy about this is the fact that he has over 1MM data points and they do not see a correlation between conventional soil amendment suggestions and plant nutrient uptake. Now, this does not suggest the plant won't grow with the addition of fertilizer, but the nutrient density load doesn't appear to change or possibly is reduced. John often references, the law of the maximum - which is something that is often overlooked in today's amendment schedules.

All in all, most soil scientists - specific to the REGEN AG space, are not interested in what to add per se but more so how/why the system works, and how can we prime the soil biology through diversification of plant species and increasing fungal life in the soil by limiting inputs of all kinds.
The movement is still evolving. I think we've nearly reached a peak in understanding how the soil food web works, and the natural transition from here isn't more data, tests, and gizmos, but an application of knowledge. If we've accomplished anything with this movement, its that we should be able to achieve more than the conventional put and take crowd by doing and spending way less than the put and take crowd, and leaving it in better shape than we found it.
 
The movement is still evolving. I think we've nearly reached a peak in understanding how the soil food web works, and the natural transition from here isn't more data, tests, and gizmos, but an application of knowledge. If we've accomplished anything with this movement, its that we should be able to achieve more than the conventional put and take crowd by doing and spending way less than the put and take crowd, and leaving it in better shape than we found it.

I agree! Except I don't think we need less data. I think the way to prove a concept is through quantitiave tangibility. Also, much of how the system truly functions is still not known. There are 1 trillion microbes in the soil and scientist have identified 10%.

Dr. Christine Jones was asked to write a book on one of her, webinars with Green Cover Seed her response "why, it would change every year as we learn more" - this coming from one of the most well-known soil microbiologists in the world, I found humbling!
 
I'm off to a soil health academy in Marion Alabama. put on by Understanding ag Tuesday-Thursday. Dr. Allen Williams, Gabe Brown et all will be teaching .Corrals are being built on my farm as we speak with 125 Kiko goats reserved. Dr. Williams is coming back over to my farm shortly to assess how many cows and sheep we need. Summer crops are being planted with fall grazing in mind.THe conversion of my farm is in full swing.

I recently visited BDA Farms in Alabama and was blown away! 4200 acres. All pastures certified organic. 4000 chickens all pasture raised and moved daily. . Cows, sheep, 20 acres organic veggies{ He planted 15,000 cherry tomatoes and sells every tomato grown!!!} The pastures were as extraordinary as anything I've ever seen and already had been grazed twice this year. The economics were mind blowing. I'm all in!

I'm a neophyte to all this but my impression is that we are just scratching the surface on fully understanding optimum soil functioning and best practices. Yet what we know already is cataclysmically transformational profoundly changing how we will treat food production in the future.
 
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I'm off to a soil health academy in Marion Alabama. put on by Understanding ag Tuesday-Thursday. Dr. Allen Williams, Gabe Brown et all will be teaching .Corrals are being built on my farm as we speak with 125 Kiko goats reserved. Dr. Williams is coming back over to my farm shortly to assess how many cows and sheep we need. Summer crops are being planted with fall grazing in mind.THe conversion of my farm is in full swing.

I recently visited BDA Farms in Alabama and was blown away! 4200 acres. All pastures certified organic. 4000 chickens all pasture raised and moved daily. . Cows, sheep, 20 acres organic veggies{ He planted 15,000 cherry tomatoes and sells every tomato grown!!!} The pastures were as extraordinary as anything I've ever seen and already had been grazed twice this year. The economics were mind blowing. I'm all in!

I'm a neophyte to all this but my impression is that we are just scratching the surface on fully understanding optimum soil functioning and best practices. Yet what we know already is cataclysmically transformational profoundly changing how we will treat food production in the future.

Baker- I have followed you for years on these forums, great to see your input and why does it not shock me that your commitment is one of intense devotion haha! Fantastic!

Check out, John Kempf! I think you will like his podcast. I think that often the largest issue to change is that of what you mentioned above, economics. Most don't seem to understand how they can make it economically viable, as they are only focusing on yield per acre vs. profit per acre. I know Gabe Brown famously is quoted saying " I don't have the highest yields in the county, but I am close. However, my profit per acre, I would put up against anyone"

Please share notes on how the conference is, sounds like an amazing experience.
 
BTW, I'm looking to hire a farm manager to run my regenerative farming operation. Obviously the job is on site in La. If anybody knows anybody I'm interested in discussing. A perk could include deer hunting should that appeal:)
 
BTW, I'm looking to hire a farm manager to run my regenerative farming operation. Obviously the job is on site in La. If anybody knows anybody I'm interested in discussing. A perk could include deer hunting should that appeal:)

My wife and I are on way!
 
Very low calcium
Very high potassium
High chlorine
Low humus(decayed om)
Poor residue decay
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