Mark, great topic and questions; Years ago I bought a heavily hunted large acreage and then walked it with a wildlife manager. He observed; you've got the best turkey hunting in the county, but the worst deer hunting, there's one deer to 500 acres. So I started a journey of habitat management, and the next several years there were a few deer, which increased each year. I spent most of my efforts on habitat and ignored herd balancing, after all, the numbers were low and hunting pressure was heavy out around, so I ignored the rising numbers. I probably thought the concept of "too many deer" was a bit of a myth.
But slowly and surely, almost invisibly, the condition of "too many deer" that you speak of crept upon us, as I tried fruitlessly to get responsible people to cull does, but they would come and shoot only button bucks, until there were roaming herds eating everything in sight and it was too late to fix it easily. Too much land, too many deer, not enough food, no way to harvest the large quantities of does that needed to be removed, and the available hunters only wanting to shoot a large buck. Finally I was forced admit an emergency, and to take matters into my own hands, getting a large quantity of dmap tags and do some serious herd reduction myself. My earlier lack of comprehension and action on "too many deer" was bad in many ways and took some serious effort to fix.
So yes, the situation of "too many deer" can be very real, and in my opinion it is just as bad as too few deer. For us the measure of judgment was browse lines and everything edible being eaten. However, this measure of judgement is way too far down the road of deer management, a situation where you can't get enough of average hunters with tags into the woods to fix it anymore. A few shots, a few deer harvested, and the large herd just circles around into thicker cover until the hunters leave again, still way over populated.
Thinking of the concept of neighboring hunters balancing your herd, deer are way more localized than most managers give credit, and if a property has the best food, and cover, most of the "too many deer" aren't going to go over to the neighbors overhunted property to get shot. So I understand that you are posing this question as a public land question, and I'm answering kind-of as a private land question, but are the two really that different? Public land also has areas of good cover, and open woods "no cover" areas that give managers challenges. The most drastic browse lines I've ever seen were on public land in Maryland. Still, is using the CWD excuse to manage legit over population of deer a good solution?