Tranquilizer is used all the time with pen deer. A buddy is in the business, and he sells "shooter" bucks he raises to preserves. He has to tranquilize the deer to take them to the preserves. There is a 21 day period when the meat can't be consumed. If the deer gets killed soon after being turned loose in the enclosure, the meat isn't edible.
I'm sure some "outfitters" don't tell the client and the stuff gets eaten. I am totally against the way deer are bought/sold and the whole deer farming thing, don't kill the messenger, I just know how it works!